The Is A Logical Fallacy - 877 Words

When it comes to the genre of persuasion, whether it be a speech you are giving to sway the views of your peers, or writing a letter to request a change or call to action, you want the listeners and readers to feel the same way you do about a topic. To do this, you want to apply sound logic and back up your information with strong research to support it†¦ but your ideas may be ruined by what is called a â€Å"logical fallacy.† What exactly is a logical fallacy†¦? Logical fallacies are errors in reasoning that undermine the logic of your argument (Weber). There are a vast number of different types of fallacies, including Begging the claim, Sweeping Generalizations, slippery slope, hasty generalization, Ad hominem, red herring, and circular argument. Many of these types of logical fallacies can be witnessed throughout the media, whether it be in a presidential debate, or even a news article. I am going to focus on three types of fallacies through this paper, red herrin gs, ad hominem, and hasty generalizations. All of these are present in current politics. Let’s go into more detail about each of these three and how they have recently been used. First, the Red Herring. Out of all the fallacies, this one is the easiest to catch. This logical fallacy is when a question or argument arises, but instead of addressing the issue, the speaker will avoid it and talk around the subject, rather than about it. It is almost like a transition of topics without any reason. An example that IShow MoreRelatedFallacies : A Logical Fallacy1741 Words   |  7 PagesA logical fallacy is false or misinforming opinions that prove nothing. At times fallacies seem to be sound, and often have lots of persuasive control, even after it’s undoubtedly exposed as being untrue. Fallacies are not always deliberate, still yet we find them all over the place, like commercials for an example. Though there are several logical fallacies, four logical fallacies generally f ound in advertising are amphiboly, appeal to authority, appeal to emotion, and non sequitur (logic). FallaciesRead MoreThe Logical Fallacies875 Words   |  4 PagesWhat are logical fallacies, evidence, and error in misconceptions? The report will identify nine logical fallacies. If all evidence in an argument appears to be true, still the disputation may be invalid if the logic utilized is not sanctioned (â€Å"Logical Fallacies,† 2014). Another name for it is called logical error, in philosophy. There are many fallacies to be aware of when making a sound argument. The nine logical fallacies are Mere assertion/Circular reasoning/Ad hominem, Red herring/Pseudo-questions/FalseRead MoreLogical Fallacies. Logical Fallacies Can Be Found In Many1288 Words   |  6 PagesLogical Fallacies Logical Fallacies can be found in many forms of persuasions, in infomercials, political debates, common discussion, everywhere. Although Logical Fallacies are very common, they mar our arguments and should be avoided. In order to avoid them we must first learn to recognize them. To fully understand Logical Fallacies, we will look at the definition of Logical Fallacies, some examples of Logical Fallacies, classifications of Logical Fallacies, and finally why we should, and how weRead MoreLogical Fallacy Julius Caesar877 Words   |  4 Pageswith evidence. Ex. 1: â€Å"Cats are meaner than dogs.† Ex. 2: â€Å"Most people find church boring.† Ex. 3: â€Å"Homework is easy.† http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-generalization.html Logical fallacy: Errors in reasoning used by speakers or writers, sometimes in order to dupe their audiences. Use: Logical fallacy was used in Julius Caesar when Antony and Brutus spoke upon Caesar’s death. Antony was th e one to stoop down and flip Brutus’s words, however he did indeed use money to gain their trustRead MoreLogical Fallacies Exercise3117 Words   |  13 PagesAnswers to fallacy exercise, Part 2. I. Identify the fallacies of sufficiency committed by the following arguments, giv ­ing a brief explanation for your answer. If no fallacy is committed, write no fallacy.1 1. The Daily News carried an article this morning about three local teenagers who were arrested on charges of drug possession. Teenagers these days are nothing but a bunch of junkies. Hasty Generalization – not enough examples. 2. If a car breaks down on the freeway, a passing mechanic isRead More Logical Fallacies Summary and Application Essay1297 Words   |  6 PagesLogical Fallacies Summary and Application What do you see when you look at Begging the Question, Hasty Generalization, and Appealing to Emotion? When you initially look at these three categories they may not seem to have too much in common. However, when you look deeper you will see that in fact, they are all different types of logical fallacies. Logical fallacies are errors of reasoning, errors that may be recognized and corrected by prudent thinkers (Downes, 1995). The following quote helpsRead MoreRhetorical Fallacies : Rhetoric And Logical Thinking1061 Words   |  5 Pages Rhetorical fallacies are â€Å"errors and manipulation of rhetoric and logical thinking,† as defined by informationisbeautiful.net. Rhetorical fallacies such as affirming the consequent, appeal to pity, and undistributed middle, can be seen in any type of debate, or conversation. Rhetorical fallacies are very apparent in politic related public speaking, as I have observed. This paper will examine three videos from the Meet the Press series and the rhetorical fallacies I identified in these three videosRead MoreThe Logical Fallacies Of Hick s Position973 Words   |  4 PagesIn chapter four, Nash attempt to look at the logical fallacies of Hick’s position. He examines other pluralist claims against exclusivism and its supposed outdated reasoning. The other pluralist that he cites is W.C. Smith, and Paul Knitter. Nash presents these claims by talking about the basic understanding of logic. Nash main point is to point out truth and validity of the very basic principles of this argument. He points out several rules of logic, in addition, he points out the idea ofRead MoreThe Logical Fallacies Of Hick s Position979 Words   |  4 PagesIn chapter four, Nash attempts to look at the logical fallacies of Hick’s position. He examines other pluralist claims against exclusivism and its supposed outdated reasoning. The other pluralist that he cites is W.C. Smith, and Paul Knitter. Nash presents these claims by talking about the basic understanding of logic. Nash main point is to point out the truth and validity of the very basic principles of this argument. He points out several rules of logic, in addition, he points out, the ideaRead More The Logical Fallacies of Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy2348 Words   |  10 PagesThe Logical Fallacies of Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy includes a proof for the existence of material objects, such as trees. Descartes accomplishes this by first doubting all things, from which he learns that he can be certain of nothing but his own existence as a thinking thing. From this established certainty, Descartes is able to provide proof for the existence of God, and, finally proof of the existence of material objects. Descartes’

The Effect of Computer Technology on the Academic Free Essays

The Constructivist Approach Constructivist This approach represents a combination of both genetic pre-programming and environmental adaptation or experience where the child actively constructs a version of reality from his/her unique experiences. The process of constructing knowledge is an active one (going out and interacting with the environment and constructing it yourself). Learning is a function of the natural and continual variability in the world and variable action upon it. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Computer Technology on the Academic or any similar topic only for you Order Now Constructivist would argue that in a school class not all children learn the same thing. The important thing for educators is to ascertain what each child knows and then plan learning programmed for each child or follow the hill’s lead. Conflict Fourth (1995) recognizes the importance of learners actively constructing their knowledge as suggested by the theoretical viewpoint of constructivism. Looking at children’s conflict (which has its roots in Paginating thinking (Littleton 1995)) and disagreements (where children consider the other’s point of view), Fourth (1995) concluded that children’s disagreements: can be viewed as a legitimate source of collaboration; can be both constructive and productive in the learning process. Appear to hold an important role in active learning. Thus, by seeing an alternative way of tackling a problem, each individual makes cognitive gains which can subsequently influence problem solving. All three constructivist theorists, Pigged Weights and Burner, agree that the child is both determined and a determiner of knowledge and understanding. However, they place different emphasis on the direction of the relationship. [contents I CLC home page I references ] The Effect of Computer Technology on the Academic Performance of Based Students By Conrad How to cite The Effect of Computer Technology on the Academic, Essays

Employment Opportunities of Sharing Economy-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Impact on employment opportunities of sharing economy. Answer: Impact on employment opportunities of sharing economy: The sharing economy over the time has evolved as one of the main instrument for employment generation in Australia since last one decade. According to statistics 68% of the total labour force is now employed through sharing economy that depicts the importance of peer-to-peer economy in Australia (Chapman, 2018). Good side of the sharing economy: Major backer of the sharing economy often argues that social economy is simply not a business that is aimed to enhance the earning; it aids to create more job opportunity for the citizens of the country (Groen and Maselli 2016). Considering the case of the Australia, it can be stated that shared economy has really done something outstanding through societal transformation as well as labour market renovation. Australia on June 4 of 2017 has initiated its largest shared economy event in order to aid the labour force have an annual income of more than 30,000 AUD (Fraser 2017). Through proper channelling of the program sharing economy can bring in higher job opportunities to the citizens. With rising scope of participation in the labour market, sharing economy is providing opportunities to have part time jobs. In addition to this, sharing economy has provided job opportunity to the unskilled or semi-skilled labours, which is aiming to charging up the whole Australian economy. Dark side of the sharing economy: To the contrary of the sharing economy backers, it has been argued by the researchers that sharing economy is nothing but a reinvention of old capitalist framework (Chase 2015). It is operated by the institutional investors or by the venture capital firms, which are aimed to make their earning basket swell under the blanket of false promise of higher labour employment opportunity and cheaper service (Horton and Zeckhauser 2016). The selected Australian firm has desire to make their service automated, which will not only reduce the labour employment in addition will make the service more cheaper, while the operation cost will be lowered for the firm. Considering both the positive and dark side of the selected share economy attributes, it can be stated that though peer-to-peer economy is theoretically good; however it has various loopholes. From the opportunity front it has vast scope to enhance the countrys economy through higher labour employment but it is subjective in nature References: De Groen, W.P. and Maselli, I., 2016. The impact of the Collaborative Economy on the Labour Market. Chapman, B. (2018).Gig economy workers could be entitled to sick pay after plumber wins legal battle. [online] The Independent. Available at: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/plumber-gary-smith-win-legal-battle-sick-pay-pimlico-gig-economy-workers-rights-a7573186.html [Accessed 28 Mar. 2018]. Horton, J.J. and Zeckhauser, R.J., 2016.Owning, Using and Renting: Some Simple Economics of the" Sharing Economy"(No. w22029). National Bureau of Economic Research. Fraser, J., 2017.Technological progress and economic growth: An Australian exposition 1965 to 2015(Doctoral dissertation, Murdoch University). Chase, R., 2015.Peers Inc: How people and platforms are inventing the collaborative economy and reinventing capitalism. PublicAffairs.

The And The Pursuit Of Happiness Essay Example For Students

The And The Pursuit Of Happiness Essay Equality is defined as being equal in means of status, rights, and opportunities. Inequality is mostly seen between the sexes, races, and also for graffiti artist. â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.† Although these rights remain unalienable, today’s society has become an unjust and unequal one which places people at the top based upon certain characteristics; such as sex, race, or even wealth. We have a statement of this â€Å"scale of unfairness† on our very street. We will write a custom essay on The And The Pursuit Of Happiness specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The art depicts two scales on one side is the male sex symbol outweighing the female sex symbol which is located on the other side. You see this work of art downtown on Tejon Street. The majority of the Colorado Springs population, white males, are in uproar about this horrific â€Å"graffiti† that taints our town and corrupts our streets. It is our duty as a community, despite opposition, to keep this art work as a reflection of today’s unbalanced society and that we must change the unequal circumstances that women have to face be it in the workforces or just opportunity wise. The term graffiti it is described as writing or drawings scribbled, scratched, or sprayed illicitly on a wall or other surface in a public place. Due to this definition, most people automatically combine graffiti with illegal activity. Therefore, it is considered an illicit or illegal activity simply it is done in a public space. Graffiti it is misunderstood and misrepresented by the media; they twist it into vandalism and call it a gateway into other crimes. How can art be a gateway into stealing and murdering? Society just want. .he is a woman. Infanticide, the killing of female babies, is still predominant in areas all over the world. Mothers rid themselves of girl children so that they don’t have to worry about dishonor or providing a dowry. This killing of females is also represented in the art. This artwork should remain on Tejon Street as a reminder as how far we have come as women and how we have much work ahead of us in order to get true equality. This masterpiece not only depicts the struggle of equality between the sexes, but also the struggle of street artists trying to be taken seriously as the real innovative composers they truly are. Therefore for the growth of our community as a whole we need to keep this up to start the change in the inequality of the sexes. As we progress to true equality we create a more equal word, and a more equal world creates more opportunities for all.

Contraceptives essays

Contraceptives essays CONTRACEPTIVE USE AT FIRST INTERCOURSE The 1995 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) report on contraceptive use at First intercourse presented tables of data based on women population 15 to 44 years of age in the U.S. who had voluntary premarital intercourse. The tables illustrate percentages of women that used contraceptives and selected methods of contraceptives during first time intercourse. This information is broken down by age, race and Hispanic origin, and year of first intercourse. The data indicates that in general contraceptive use during first time intercourse increases with age. As illustrated in the age group table, only 51.4 percent of teenagers under 16 years of age used contraceptives during first time intercourse as opposed to 65.6 percent of women 20 years of age and over. There was however, a slight decrease in percentage from 61.5 to 60.0 percent in women 18 to 19 years of age, respectively. In terms of race, the overall trend indicates that Hispanic women were the group least likely to! use contraceptives during first time intercourse. In comparison to non-Hispanic white 64.8 percent, and non-Hispanic black 50.1 percent, only 36.2 percent of Hispanic women used contraception. This trend is supported by data based on first time intercourse between 1990 to 1995 for women grouped by race under 20 years of age, and over 20 years of age. The data illustrates that 52.8 percent of Hispanic women under 20 used contraception, and over the age of 20 there was an increase to 53.7 percent. The data on black women under 20 years of age; 72.1 percent, and over 20 years of age; 72.4 percent. But, when comparing this data to white women, the gap between white and Hispanic women increases even further. White women under 20 years of age; 83.0 percent, and over 20 years of age; 81.5 percent. This raw data, unfortunately, does not give any indication of subgroups within each race group and their socioeconomic statu...

Introduction to the Agricola by Tacitus

Introduction to the Agricola by Tacitus Introduction | The Agricola | Translation Footnotes The Agricola of Tacitus. The Oxford Translation Revised, With Notes. With An Introduction by Edward Brooks, Jr. Very little is known concerning the life of Tacitus, the historian, except that which he tells us in his own writings and those incidents which are related to him by his contemporary, Pliny. The Date of the Birth of Tacitus His full name was Caius Cornelius Tacitus. The date of his birth can only be arrived at by conjecture, and then only approximately. The younger Pliny speaks of him as prope  modum aequales, about the same age. Pliny was born in 61. Tacitus, however, occupied the office of quaestor under Vespasian in 78 A.D., at which time he must, therefore, have been at least twenty-five years of age. This would fix the date of his birth not later than 53 A.D. It is probable, therefore, that Tacitus was Plinys senior by several years. Parentage His parentage is also a matter of pure conjecture. The name Cornelius was a common one among the Romans so from the name we can draw no inference. The fact that at an early age he occupied a prominent public office indicates that he was born of good family, and it is not impossible that his father was a certain Cornelius Tacitus, a Roman knight, who was procurator in Belgic Gaul, and whom the elder Pliny speaks of in his Natural History. Tacitus Upbringing Of the early life of Tacitus and the training which he underwent preparatory to those literary efforts which afterward rendered him a conspicuous figure among Roman literateurs we know absolutely nothing. Career Of the events of his life which transpired after he attained mans estate we know but little beyond that which he himself has recorded in his writings. He occupied a position of some eminence as a pleader at the Roman bar, and in 77 A.D. married the daughter of Julius Agricola, a humane and honorable citizen, who was at that time consul and was subsequently appointed the  governor of Britain. It is quite possible that this very advantageous alliance hastened his promotion to the office of quaestor under Vespasian. Under Domitian, in 88, Tacitus was appointed one of fifteen commissioners to preside at the celebration of the secular games. In the same year, he held the office of praetor  and was a member of one of the most select of the old priestly colleges, in which a prerequisite to membership was that a man should be born of a good family. Travels The following year he appears to have left Rome, and it is possible that he visited Germany and there obtained his knowledge and information respecting the manners and customs of its people which he makes the subject of his work known as the Germany.He did not return to Rome until 93, after an absence of four years, during which time his father-in-law died. Tacitus the Senator Sometime between the years 93 and 97 he was elected to the senate, and during this time witnessed the judicial murders of many of Romes best citizens which were perpetrated under the reign of Nero. Being himself a senator, he felt that he was not entirely guiltless of the crimes which were committed, and in his Agricola we find him giving expression to this feeling in the following words: Our own hands dragged Helvidius to prison; ourselves were tortured with the spectacle of Mauricus and Rusticus, and sprinkled with the innocent blood of Senecio. In 97 he was elected to the consulship as successor to Virginius Rufus, who died during his term of office and at whose funeral Tacitus delivered an oration in such a manner to cause Pliny to say, The good fortune of Virginius was crowned by having the most eloquent of panegyrists. Tacitus and Pliny as Prosecutors In 99 Tacitus was appointed by the senate, together with Pliny, to conduct the prosecution against a great political offender, Marius Priscus, who, as proconsul of Africa, had corruptly mismanaged the affairs of his province. We have his associates testimony that Tacitus made a most eloquent and dignified reply to the arguments which were urged on the part of the defense. The prosecution was successful, and both Pliny and Tacitus were awarded a vote of thanks by the senate for their eminent and effectual efforts in the management of the case. Date of Death The exact date of Tacituss death is not known, but in his Annals he seems to hint at the successful extension of the Emperor Trajans eastern campaigns during the years 115 to 117  so that it is probable that he lived until the year 117. Renown Tacitus had a widespread reputation during his lifetime. On one occasion it is related of him that as he sat in the circus at the celebration of some games, a Roman knight asked him whether he was from Italy or the provinces. Tacitus answered, You know me from your reading, to which the knight quickly replied, Are you then Tacitus or Pliny?It is also worthy of notice that the Emperor Marcus Claudius Tacitus, who reigned during the third century, claimed to be descended from the historian, and directed that ten copies of his works should be published every year and placed in the public libraries. The Works of Tacitus The list of the extant works of Tacitus is as follows: the Germany; the Life of Agricola; the Dialogue on Orators; the Histories, and the Annals. On the Translations Germany The following pages contain translations of the first two of these works. The Germany, the full title of which is Concerning the situation, manners, and inhabitants of Germany, contains little of value from a historical standpoint. It describes with vividness the fierce and independent spirit of the German nations, with many suggestions as to the dangers in which the empire stood of these people. The Agricola is a biographical sketch of the writers father-in-law, who, as has been said, was a distinguished man and governor of Britain. It is one of the authors earliest works and was probably written shortly after the death of Domitian, in 96. This work, short as it is, has always been considered an admirable specimen of a  biography on account of its grace and dignity of expression. Whatever else it may be, it is a graceful and affectionate tribute to an upright and excellent man. Dialogue on Orators The Dialogue on Orators treats of the decay of eloquence under the empire. It is in the form of a dialogue  and represents two eminent members of the Roman bar discussing the change for the worse that had taken place in the early education of the Roman youth. Histories The Histories relate the events which transpired in Rome, beginning with the accession of Galba, in 68, and ending with the reign of Domitian, in 97. Only four books and a fragment of a fifth have been preserved to us. These books contain an account of the brief reigns of Galba, Otho, and Vitellius. The portion of the fifth book which has been preserved contains an interesting, though rather biased account of the character, customs, and religion of the Jewish nation viewed from the standpoint of a cultivated citizen of Rome. Annals The Annals contain the history of the empire from the death of Augustus, in 14, to the death of Nero, in 68, and originally consisted of sixteen books. Of these, only nine have come down to us in a state of entire preservation, and of the other seven we have but fragments of three. Out of a period of fifty-four years, we have the history of about forty. The Style The style of Tacitus is, perhaps, noted principally for its conciseness. Tacitean brevity is proverbial, and many of his sentences are so brief, and leave so much for the student to read between the lines, that in order to be understood and appreciated the author must be read over and over again, lest the reader miss the point of some of his most excellent thoughts. Such an author presents grave, if not insuperable, difficulties to the translator, but notwithstanding this fact, the following pages cannot but impress the reader with the genius of Tacitus. The Life of Cnaeus Julius Agricola [This work is supposed by the commentators to have been written before the treatise on the manners of the Germans, in the third consulship of the emperor Nerva, and the second of Verginius Rufus, in the year of Rome 850, and of the Christian era 97. Brotier accedes to this opinion, but the reason which he assigns does not seem to be satisfactory. He observes that Tacitus, in the third section, mentions the emperor Nerva; but as he does not call him Divus Nerva, the deified Nerva, the learned commentator infers that Nerva was still living. This reasoning might have some weight, if we did not read, in section 44, that it was the ardent wish of Agricola that he might live to behold Trajan in the imperial seat. If Nerva was then alive, the wish to see another in his room would have been an awkward compliment to the reigning prince. It is, perhaps, for this reason, that Lipsius thinks this very elegant tract was written at the same time with the Manners of the Germans, in the beginning of the emperor Trajan. The question is not very material  since conjecture alone must decide it. The piece itself is admitted to be a masterpiece in the kind. Tacitus was son-in-law to Agricola; and while filial piety breathes through his work, he never departs from the integrity of his own character. He has left a historical monument highly interesting to every Briton, who wishes to know the manners of his ancestors, and the spirit of liberty that from the earliest time distinguished the natives of Britain. Agricola, as Hume observes, was the general who finally established the dominion of the Romans on this island. He governed  it in the reigns of Vespasian, Titus, and Domitian. He carried his victorious arms northward: defeated the Britons in every encounter, pierced into the forests and the mountains of Caledonia, reduced every state to subjection in the southern parts of the island, and chased before him all the men of fiercer and more intractable spirits, who deemed war and death itself less int olerable than servitude under the victors. He defeated them in a decisive action, which they fought under Galgacus; and having fixed a chain of garrisons between the friths of Clyde and Forth, he cut off the ruder and more barren parts of the island, and secured the Roman province from the incursions of the barbarous inhabitants. During these military enterprises, he neglected not the arts of peace. He introduced laws and civility among the Britons; taught them to desire and raise all the conveniences of life; reconciled them to the Roman language and manners; instructed them in letters and science; and employed every expedient to render those chains, which he had forged, both easy and agreeable to them. (Humes Hist. vol. i. p. 9.) In this passage, Mr. Hume has given a summary of the Life of Agricola. It is extended by Tacitus in a style more open than the didactic form of the essay on the German Manners required, but still with the precision, both in sentiment and diction, peculiar to the author. In rich but subdued colors he gives a striking picture of Agricola, leaving to posterity a portion of history which it would be in vain to seek in the dry gazette-style of Suetonius, or on the page of any writer of that period.] Introduction | The Agricola | Translation Footnotes

What are the Marxist explanations for the current global economic Essay

What are the Marxist explanations for the current global economic crises - Essay Example Marx argues that the relations of production are initially progressive but deteriorate over time to a point where capitalists are in control of the application of productive forces. The capitalists lack interest in promoting socially beneficial reforms. In a capitalist society, the capitalists benefit most as they are in control of the means of production. As such, they receive a disproportionate share of wealth, power, status and privileges. Marx insists that only labor should earn money and that money should not be used to make more money. As such, capitalists should not receive an income as interest on their savings or investments as they are going to earn income without working (Elster, 1986, P.259). Marxists argue that due capitalism’s insistence on production for profit; a huge gulf exists between production for profit and production to meet needs. Profits are maximized by producing to satisfy the needs of richer people; and as a result, urgent needs of poorer people are neglected (Elster, 1986, P.297). Capitalists engage in savage competition, and there is pressure to develop more efficient production and better technology. Over time, capitalists tend to increase the percentage of capital investment that goes into the machinery and to decrease the percentage put into buying labor. As a result, workers earn less while capitalists increasingly accumulate wealth. Consequently, the workers have less purchasing power and cannot afford the goods produced by capitalists leading to a fall in capitalists’ profits on the long-run (Elster, 1986, P.230). The aggressive competition and accumulation of wealth by capitalists gives rise to a chronic problem of finding profitable outlets for the accumulated capital. The search for outlets has led to important phenomena such as takeover mania, speculation, stock market crashes and financial crisis. More importantly, it has inspired

Facebook and the Case for Editing Oneself Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Facebook and the Case for Editing Oneself - Essay Example I really liked this person I met at a party, who I would just call Alex. I and a friend of mine freely talked about him on my Facebook timeline. I was quite confident because he was not on my friend's list. The next day, I was surprised when I got a call from Alex because, apparently, he learned about the conversation because he was a friend of a Facebook friend, so he had access to my profile. First, it was embarrassing second, it was disastrous because he turned out to be obnoxious and would post in my timeline rude things. I have to delete my profile and not use Facebook for a month.Sethi cited the problem that many users experience with social media: Facebook is accessible almost to anyone. Sometimes we post things that are intended for friends. But then, our Facebook "friends" and our social network are not all composed of friends but other groups such as family, colleagues, future employees, future partners, and so forth. So it is incredibly difficult, to be honest, and post ju st about everything that transpires in our lives because each of these has different standards of propriety. Sethi pointed out, for instance, that she is careful not to post anything such as short haircuts and other things that might be offensive to her conservative family living in Thailand. It is important to note that the data stored on Facebook could be accessed regardless of location and also time. We post pictures or messages that seem alright today but the case might not be true in the future.

Table Manners in China Essay Example for Free

Table Manners in China Essay China is a country with 5000-years-long civilization and a long and rich history, so Chinese like to pay more attention to the etiquette, especially in the table manners. Most foreigners do not know table manners when they join in Chinese dinner party because Western dining is different with Chinese. Chinese table manners have three important parts, including place setting, taboos, and toast. Firstly, the seating arrangement is one of the important parts of dinning etiquette because the order of seating symbolizes the power, and status, the highest status which in the center facing east or facing the entrance. Furthermore, elders, leaders and hosts always sit on the highest status, while children, subordinate staff and other participant seating near the entrance. The second important consideration is table taboos. Most foreigners know chopsticks are the main table utensils in China, but they do not know more strict rules about how to use and set the chopsticks. For example, people should avoid sticking chopsticks straight down into the rice bowl. The reason for this is that Chinese use the incense to stick into a bowl of sand or rice to mourn dead, therefore, the behavior that puts the chopsticks stick into the rice looks like a funeral ritual. Thirdly, everyone must participate in a toast. Chinese often use the right hand to hold the body of glass and the left hand to hold the bottom of glass. Another allowable behavior is many people to propose a toast together to one person, but one person should not propose a toast to many people at a time. Therefore, foreigners joining a Chinese dinner party should consider and follow these rules as respect differences.

Vertebrate Adaptions for Terrestrial Life Essay -- AP-Biology Biology

Vertebrate Adaptions For Terrestrial Life AP-Biology Essay on vertebrate structural adaptations for terrestrial life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The problems of survival of animals on land are very different from those of survival of animals in aquatic environment. Describe four problems associated with animal survival in terrestrial environments but not in aquatic environments. For each problem, explain a physiological of structural solution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Four problems faced by animals on land are breathing (respiration), water conservation in excretions, successful reproduction, and the producing an egg which can survive outside of the water.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All animals need to respire, but I have no idea why. Maybe you would like to answer that? Aquatic animals use gills, which are outgrowths from the body which increase surface area over which gas exchange can occur. Inside the gills of aquatic animals, the circulatory system removes oxygen, and delivers waste carbon dioxide. Land vertebrates have developed a different approach to the problem of gas exchange, as water is not present in all of the terrestrial environment. Terrestrial vertebrates have developed lungs to solve this problem. Air enters through the nasal passages, or the mouth, passes through the trachea, then branches off at the two bronchi, and goes through many branching passages called bronchioles, which end in alveoli. Alveoli are sack-like structures where the circulatory system meets the respiratory system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  S...

How important is this cycle to Earth? Essay

The hydrologic cycle or the water cycle is basically the incessant and continuous flow and movement of water, beneath, above, and on the Earth’s surface (Encyclopedia of Earth, 2007). It involves a number of processes such as the changing of water into its different states, namely, vapor, ice, and liquid, as it goes through the different stages of the cycle (Encyclopedia of the Earth, 2007). In addition, since it is a cycle, it does not have a beginning or an end. Basically, in broader terms, the water cycle is a conceptual model of the movement and the storage of water between the lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere (Encyclopedia of the Earth, 2007). Water is stored in the earth’s major reservoirs such as oceans, rivers, lakes, glaciers, soils, snowfields, groundwater and even the atmosphere (Encyclopedia of the Earth, 2007). As mentioned above, water goes through different processes. These processes can be generally divided into 5 parts: condensation, evaporation, precipitation, infiltration, and runoff (Encyclopedia of the Earth, 2007). The first process is condensation which occurs when the water vapor transforms into water droplets in the air thereby producing clouds. As these clouds condense further, they hold more moisture. When it can no longer contain the moisture, they release through precipitation, which can be in the form of rain, snow, hail, sleet, and fog drip (Encyclopedia of the Earth, 2007). The water that drops back down to the earth then seeps into the ground through a process called infiltration. On the other hand, if precipitation occurs much faster than it can infiltrate the ground, it then becomes a process called runoff. Basically, runoff water remains on the surface and then subsequently flows to large bodies of water such as oceans, rivers, lakes, and seas among others (Encyclopedia of the Earth, 2007). Finally as infiltration and runoff occur simultaneously, evaporation, which is a process driven by the sun, also occurs. Evaporation is the transformation of liquid water into water vapor. This process is largely aided by sunlight as it increases the temperature in lakes, oceans, and seas (Encyclopedia of the Earth, 2007). As the water in these bodies of water heats, its molecules are released and are turned into gas. This warm air then rises into the atmosphere and then becomes the water vapor involved in the condensation process, which repeats the hydrologic cycle (Encyclopedia of the Earth, 2007). However, other processes also occur within these five processes. One example is sublimation which is the direct transformation of solid water, such as ice and snow, into water vapor without passing through the liquid state (Encyclopedia of the Earth, 2007). Basically, the hydrologic cycle is highly important to the Earth as it provides life to its inhabitants. The cycle basically moves the water through a continuous and constant flow and keeps it fresh for different uses. For example, if water that evaporates does not fall back to the earth through precipitation in the form of rain, then the world’s crops and vegetation would die out and ultimately result in shortages in food. In addition, the oceans and the seas would dry out and kill all marine life. There will also be shortages in water supply as people highly depend on the water that comes from oceans, seas, and lakes. The water shortage would then result in massive thirst and dehydration, which would ultimately kill all human life. On the other hand, if the water does not rise to the air through evaporation after a typhoon, cyclone, or a massive storm, then most parts of the Earth would remain flooded and eventually, all the lands would be submerged underwater. In short, the hydrologic cycle generally keeps the flow and storage of water in a natural state of balance. If this cycle ceases function properly, then all life on Earth would eventually be wiped out due to thirst, hunger, and drought. References Encyclopedia of the Earth. (2007). Hydrologic Cycle. Retrieved July 9, 2008 from http://www. eoearth. org/article/Hydrologic_cycle.

Five literary elements in Barbara Kimenye’s “The Winner” Essay

Barbara Kimenye’s â€Å"The Winner,† is an excellent example of a short story that does not necessarily use all five of the literary elements to their fullest potential, but still creates a sense of organic unity. In this analysis, the elements are organized in the order of theme, plot, characterization, setting, and then structure. Each element will be described and then â€Å"The Winner† and the events in it will be related to the elements. The purpose of the theme of a story is to provide insight to the reader about the author’s point-of-view on the topic they chose to write about. Theme can be communicated in two ways, both of which Ms. Kimenye utilized. One is to reveal the theme directly through a statement that a character makes, and the other is to allow the reader to interpret the theme based on the actions and reactions of the characters. She relates money and happiness throughout the story to convey her theme. Her use of description through the characters stressed her point very clearly. She used the right symbols, such as people, in the proper way to help the reader understand the purpose and meaning of the symbol. Overall, the way she incorporated the theme into the story could be considered to range from good to excellent. The plot of a story should have an element of suspense and irony in it to make the reader want to continue reading. It should also include at least one major complication, that is, the protagonist or another character is blocked from doing what they want to do. While all of this is going on, the order or events and relationship between events still has to make sense to the reader. There was a great deal of irony presented in the end of the story when Pius ended up changing his opinion of Cousin Sarah and marrying her, which the reader didn’t expect. Barbara Kimenye also kept the events in the story organized by some form and made it very simple for the reader to understand what was going on. While she fulfilled most of the characteristics of a good plot, one seemed to be lacking. There could have been more tension between characters present in the story. Ms. Kimenye made wonderful use of the element characterization. In short stories, not much depth is required as to the character’s personalities. It is only required that any reader be able to connect with one character.  However, in this story, one seemed to know Pius’ personality and by the end, could almost predict what his reactions would be to events. The setting in this story was somewhat described literally, but most good authors try to make a touch on figurative settings also. The setting is the conditions prior to the story, and should be described in clarity and detail. In this selection, one had a general idea of Pius’ surroundings, but no information presented was ever extremely detailed so that the reader could make a distinct picture in their head. Finally, the structure of a short story should always be fictional and written in prose. It should also contain no more than one plot and should be based on the plot rather than the characters. Short stories do not usually use all five literary elements clearly and with a great depth, although they are still present in some form. Ms. Kimenye chose a structure to write in at the beginning of the story and, for the most part, she stuck to all of the guidelines with it, although some things she did in the story may have been pushing it a little bit. In general, Barbara Kimenye used the five elements together in a way that most readers can understand and interpret to mean many things. The story could have been written better, but the author placed the elements together in a way that worked, regardless of whether or not she used them all to their full potential.

Alcoholic Teens essays

Alcoholic Teens essays When teens run into friends around town, a common question that most of us hear is Hey, what are you doing tonight? This could be answered any number of ways, but in this day and age you will probably hear about how everybody is going over to somebodys house to drink. Keggers and Jungle Juice parties are the most common, because they are cheap and will get you drunk. Keggers usually sell cups for the beer which will give you unlimited refills. Jungle Juice parties ask for a cover at the door and again you are given unlimited refills. The only difference between the two is that Keggers are beer and Jungle Juice parties are mixtures of hard alcohol. Fridays and Saturdays are prime days to go out and drink. Teens know those are the days you dont have to get up on the following morning. With that in mind, you can easily drink yourself silly causing your body to become dehydrated. This has come to be called a hangover. Hangovers can completely incapacitate you giving you any of the following; headache, nausea, diarrhea, lack of appetite, shakiness, feeling tired, and a gross-tasting mouth. These are caused by being dehydrated and by the by-products when alcohol is digested. One such by-product is acetaldehyde. Research suggests that it may be responsible for the worst of your hangover. Someone that can subject themselves to this pain every week really needs to redefine their idea of fun. It seems to have become the only thing teens can do to enjoy themselves. Days of going bowling, roller skating, and cruising in the car seem to be over. Some may still do these things, but not as often as they go to gatherings or parties. The idea to get together and socialize can still be accomplished even though you wont have a drink in your hand. Activities such as cookouts, swimming, and sports can easily take place of any alcoholic party. The fun is already included if you let yourself relax and get int...

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology This paper will discuss the pros of the use of stun guns and patrol car videos. This form of technology is being used every day by law enforcement agencies around the world. They are continuingly striving to make stun guns and surveillance cameras better. Patrol car videos have caught numerous illegal events by police and suspect that have committed a crime. Police stun guns and patrol car videos are very important to all law enforcement agencies. Law enforcement is expanding the video car surveillance cameras, so that they may be able to record and store details of suspect’s daily car journeys for up to five years. With the cameras installed in police cars, they can record any and all activity committed by police or suspects. The police would have irrefutable evidence when they capture a suspect or a police committing a crime against the suspect. The evidence is a very effective tool when appearing in a court hearing or trial. Surveillance cameras send a direct signal to the police station and other mobile data units across state lines and within the police department. Studies have shown that the continued use of surveillance cameras installed, not only in police cars, but on government issued equipment, such as: a telephone pole. The crime rate had decreased, the prostitution related reports decreased by 42%. â€Å"Law enforcement agencies states that with the new technology (i. e. urveillance cameras) allows them to deploy police officers more effectively, in cases such as demonstrations that cause trouble, and they help reduce traffic to and from planned events†(Krane, 15 November, 1999). Surveillance cameras help police and other law enforcement agencies to watch and monitor the suspect’s record, activities before they are captured. Scanners can help protect the homeland security traffic laws and catch international criminals. Problems that exist with surveillance cameras, is that they ma y not record everything that may have happened, the lens may get dirty and cloud the view.

The role of traditional political parties in the democratization Essay

The role of traditional political parties in the democratization process - Essay Example As a result, most countries have changed from military to political-civil regimes that foster democratic governance. Political parties play fundamental roles in governance and are critical for the lifelong political development in emerging democracies.This paper highlights the role of political parties in the democratisation process in Latin America, and explores the factors leading to the decline of traditional political parties and their possible comeback in the near future. Democracy illustrates the rights held by citizens that allow them to choose their own government and officials through secret ballot after a defined period. Democracy is achieved following thetransformation of authoritarian rule into a state that is guided by the civil majority. Democratic regimes are characterised by the civic responsibility through which citizens elect their leaders whose prime functions is to protect basic human rights. In this regard, political stability is achieved and through it,economic and social benefits are reaped. Similarly, democracies involve conducting free and fair elections that does not discriminate across citizens of voting age. As such, representative democracy is the most common form in majority government settings where citizens elect officials to make political decisions, formulate laws, and implement policies to benefit the society.In any democracy, political parties are essential owing to the various functions they perform in their capacities that include the representation of social interests. Political parties are regarded as the primal link between the state and society where quality representation is sought for equitable distribution of justice and resources (Cott 1). As such, the responsiveness of party systems to the interests and demands of organised groups largely influences the quality and stability of democratic institutions. Early political parties in Latin America were formed to provide a platform on which different opinions could be ra ised for the benefit of the society.Traditional political parties were formed based on the ideology shared, which saw the emergence of conservative, liberal, federal, clerical and anticlerical parties (Lambert 183). Significant of the Traditional Parties These traditional parties serve as links between political elites and citizens where they mobilise members into participation during the electoral process. In this way, revolutionary movements under social organisation embark on calls for reforms and regime change. Intense social and political upheaval characterised the 1970s in Latin America as social movements and popular mobilisations intensified calls for reforms.Governments under authoritarian or military regimes in Latin America suppressed any form of civil society activity as a way of maintainingcontrol of the state. The governments denied political expression and weakened the existing groups that sought reprieve over the prevailing social conditions.Hostility accorded social movements in their bid to push for political reforms acted as a catalyst that garnered more support for the movements. Movement leaders mobilised their supporters to protests that were aimed at destabilising the authoritarian regime. The resulting instability formed the basis of political reforms with the hope of creating an all-inclusive government that would cater for the

Bolton Thermal Recovery Facility Case Study Essay

Bolton Thermal Recovery Facility Case Study - Essay Example The construction of Bolton thermal recovery facility is meant to generate electricity and other sources of energy for Manchester and its surrounding. The facility seeks to create enough energy that can power over 7,000 homes in the city and its neighbourhood. The operation of the Bolton thermal recovery facility has a number of environmental impacts and issues that must be considered. The operations of the facility are also governed by strict environmental legal requirements and provisions that must be adhered to. Analysis of the impacts that may arise from operating the facility which are economical, environmental and social must be done by the management. Introduction The purpose of this report is to provide a critical analysis of the operations of Bolton thermal recovery facility that is based in Manchester. ... There is need for the management to be well averse with the laws, regulations and provisions that influence the operation of the facility. This report will provide a detailed description of the available environmental laws, legal notices and statutory provisions that affects the operation, profitability and efficiency of the facility. The aim of Bolton thermal recovery facility environmental laws and regulation assessment report is to provide benchmark for the implementation of the various environmental requirements that guide operations of such facilities. To facilitate this study, a number of literatures that have been done on the environmental impacts of operating a thermal facility were analysed. These ranged from academic materials and scholarly articles written by academic institutions and departments on their research results on the facility. Literature reviewed articles will also be evaluated to understand the environmental impacts of a thermal recovery facility. To gain insi ghts on the available environmental laws and provisions that govern the operation of a facility of this magnitude, environmental based peer reviewed, academic and university research articles will be evaluated. The press release and legal announcement by bodies and government agencies on the environmental impacts such a facility and the legal requirements that govern its operation will be evaluated. Workshops and symposiums conducted on environmental assessment of thermal recovery will also provide accurate data on the emerging regulatory issues that may affect the operations and smooth running of the firm. Bolton Thermal Recovery Facility The energy produced powers the activities of the

Nursing journals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nursing journals - Essay Example ical inactivity, and associated medical conditions, as well as medication, are some of the key factors the journal identifies to be a contributor to obesity. The association between obesity and the occurrence of cardiovascular condition is the primary reason for effective management of obesity in accordance to the journal (Nieswiadomy, 2012). In consideration of the prior knowledge concerning obesity and cardiovascular conditions, I find the journal among the greatest works that exclusively covers the topic of obesity and co-morbidities. Giving an epidemiological inference to the occurrence of obesity and other cardiac conditions, the journal is important in relaying information of the global significance of obesity situations. This is crucial for the health care teams and other health care policy developers to prepare measures to control obesity. Giving both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions in the management of obesity, the journal is in line with the world health intervention policies on management of conditions for achievement of universal coverage of health. The journal is thus one I could consider submitting for my paper as it gives a conclusive coverage of systematic approaches in the management of obesity. It is thus agreeable obesity is a complex and multifaceted disease that is chronic and relapsing; thus, the authors of the journal identify the challenges it can pose to the clinicians making obesity a major health concern (Haidar & Cosman,

Fire Safety Management Procedures Of Storage Warehouse Construction Essay

Fire Safety Management Procedures Of Storage Warehouse Construction Essay The individual report is a team members study into one specialist area of the project which is assigned by the team. It should be essential materials to support the final conclusions and recommendation for this project in the team report. The clients requirements details as follows. Building size: 250 sq meters (office) Building size: 3,500 sq meters (warehouse) Building height: 14 meters Twenty glass windows for the offices on the front One door on the front Ten windows for each side Five gates and three windows on the rear Brick front Sainsbury (client) plans to build up a warehouse along with offices of two storeyes. The building will be constructed of pre-engineered steel structure. For example, Fig 1 shows a typical structure of the pre-engineered steel building. Fig 2 displays the inside of the building under construction Figure Figure Background Since the 1960s there has been a rapid increase in the construction of large single storey storage warehouse facilities in the United Kingdom (UK). One of the most notable of these was the 40,000 m2 unsprinklered military storage facility constructed by the Ministry of Defence (MOD) at Donnington. In 1983 this storage facility was completely destroyed by fire despite the presence of an on-site fire service. The fire at Donnington and other unsprinklered warehouses circa 1980 raised concerns in the UK and United States (US). The major concern in unsprinklered warehouses is rapid conflagration, especially if the following features are present: †¢ 12-30m internal building heights †¢ High racked storage †¢ Highly combustible and flammable stored commodities †¢ Combustible wall and ceiling linings, †¢ Poor fire safety management Regardless of the above concerns, recent research undertaken by the Building Research Establishment (BRE) into sprinkler installation trends and fire statistics for warehouse buildings has shown that occupants generally make their escape from fires in unsprinklered warehouses un-hurt. The likely reasons for this are: 1. The large internal volume can act as a reservoir for combustible products and hence will increase the available safe escape time (ASET) 2. An occupants awake and familiarity state within the building reduces the required safe escape time (RSET) on this basis, BREs research stated that it could be difficult to justify the provision of sprinklers solely on safety grounds, indicating that the provision of sprinklers would have a negligible impact for life safety purposes. Since the 1980s there have been several full scale sprinklered fire tests on warehouse commodities (stored to various heights). These tests have been performed by BRE, Underwriters Laboratory (UL), Factory Mutual (FMGlobal) and the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST). Such research has assisted in the development of BS5306-2, BS EN12845:2004 and bespoke fire safety engineering guidance such as The Design of Smoke Ventilation for Single Storey Industrial Buildings, including those with mezzanine floors, and high racked storage warehouses by the Smoke Ventilation Association (SVA). Where property protection sprinkler systems are installed with additional enhanced features, significant improvements upon the typical 80% reliability can be achieved. Enhancements such as locking valves in the open position to prevent manual shut-off, fast response sprinkler heads and secondary pumps can all ensure that an enhanced property protection sprinkler system offers an operationa l reliability of in excess of 90%, which is the equivalent reliability for a system designed to a life safety standard. Description The purpose of this Outline Fire Strategy Report is to facilitate preliminary discussions with the Approving Authorities and to outline the approach that will be taken to demonstrate compliance with Part B (Fire Safety) of Schedule 1 to the Building Regulations (2000-2006). This report will provide a brief summary on the all aspects of fire safety which correlate with the corresponding Building Regulations. However it will focus primarily issues pertaining to the Fire Detection and Alarm system and linking factors, such as evacuation times and fire growth. The overarching areas within the project incorporate: Determine metal building frames and column profiles; Choose the materials for the walls and roof; Lay the floors plan out; Fire sprinkler system and fire-fighting water pipe; Fire detection and alarm system; Smoke control system; Architectural design for egress means; Structural fire resistance calculations; Although the provisions for the fire safety aspects noted above are covered under separate regulations, they are interlinked. Therefore, these fire safety aspects will be reviewed holistically in this strategy in order to ensure the requirements of the Building Regulations are achieved in the proposed works. The facility will incorporate approximately 3,500 sq m of warehousing space and a two storey office block. The facility will be typical portal fame construction clad in composite panels with the portal haunch being at approximately 16m above adjacent ground level and the apex of portals being at approximately 18m above adjacent ground level. The two storey office block is compartmented from the remainder of the building in fire resisting construction effectively creating two separated parts. The warehouse compartment is single storey. Automated Garment Racking System The automated garment racking system will be spread over five levels (i.e. ground and four upper access gantries/walkway levels). A common feature of automated hanging garment storage systems is that there are no discernible floors. Access to the automated garment racking system will be via elevated walkways and open stairs. A typical arrangement is shown in figure 3 Figure The existing facility is fitted out with high racking bays incorporating in-rack sprinklers. It is intended to alter the existing high racking bay arrangement to incorporate a more efficient system to meet with specific operational requirements. The existing sprinkler system will be amended/extended to ensure that all high rack storage bays are adequately protected with in-rack sprinklers. Building Regulations Regarding fire safety, the proposed automated hanging garment racking system and associated works must comply with The Building Regulations 2000 (England and Wales) but in existing areas only to the extent where no new or greater contravention of any regulation is created. As a general principle the recommendations of Approved Document B (ADB) Volume 2 Buildings Other Than Dwelling Houses can to be applied to most buildings. Although, in respect of certain buildings and structures, in particular those purpose-designed for automated storage plant, the recommendations set out in ADB might be either inappropriate or unreasonably restrictive. A common feature of automated hanging garment storage systems is that there are no discernible floors and no fire separation provided between deck levels. Automated hanging garment delivery, picking or transportation systems are generally accessed via elevated walkways, stairs and ramps. The Building Regulations are written in a functional manner and rather than follow the prescriptive guidance of a particular code of practice, a fire engineered approach can be taken to demonstrate compliance with Statutory requirements where deemed appropriate. In this regard ADB states the following: Fire safety engineering can provide an alternative approach to fire safety. It may be the only practical way to achieve a satisfactory standard of fire safety in some large and complex buildings and in buildings containing different uses ADB: Fire Safety Engineering (0.3) Therefore, where the proposed development does not fully comply with the recommendations of ADB m it is intended to incorporate the latest guidance available as part of an alternative fire safety engineering approach. This approach will be based on the recommendations of BS7974 with the overarching aim of achieving the optimum design solution and Building Regulations approvals. THE REGULATORY REFORM (FIRE SAFETY) ORDER 2005 When the premises become a workplace, the responsible person, i.e. employer, must ensure that any duty imposed by The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005, England Wales, specifically articles 8 to 22 or by regulations made under article 24 is complied with. Generally, compliance can be achieved with robust maintenance, staff training and housekeeping regimes and by undertaking regular fire risk assessments (FRA). The local Fire and Rescue Service will be responsible for enforcing these Regulations. Purpose Groups Purpose groups can apply to the whole building or to a compartment in the building. ADB recommends that different uses within a building should be assessed as separate purpose groups except when certain criteria are met (i.e. classified as ancillary if less than1/5 of the compartment floor area). The design of the existing building incorporates a significant amount of single storey open spatial planning, with the warehousing areas being completely separated from the main office block by fire rated construction. Therefore, when account is taken of proposed material alterations and the definitions noted in Appendix D of ADB the proposed warehouse compartment is classified as Purpose Group 7(a) Storage and Other Non-Residential. The existing multi-storey office compartment is classified as Purpose Group 3, Office. Supporting documentation In tandem with the application of recommendations in ADB, a fire safety engineered approach has been used where considered appropriate for aspects of the buildings design. This approach has used recommendations from the following guidance documents to achieve a robust fire strategy: †¢ BS7974 Application of fire safety engineering principles to the design of buildings (BSI 2003) †¢ BS9999 Code of practice for fire safety in the design, management and use of buildings (BSI 2008) †¢ BS5588 Fire Precautions in the design, construction and use of buildings; Part 5 Access and facilities for fire-fighting (BSI 2004) †¢ BS5588 Fire Precautions in the design, construction and use of buildings; Part 8 Code of practice for means of escape for disabled people (BSI 1991) BS7974 framework BS7974 is specifically noted in standard fire safety guidance material as providing further guidance on fire safety engineering principles. Figure 4 presents the basic fire engineering design process suggested in BS7974. Figure Deviations BS7974 states the following regarding the use of fire safety engineering in buildings that are otherwise compliant with standard practice: In many projects it is likely that the provisions of existing codes of practice and other guidance will be largely followed and that fire engineering techniques will not be necessary (or may be used only to justify limited departures from the codes). At its simplest the QDR team may therefore, define the acceptance criteria in terms of compliance with existing code recommendations. The acceptability of a particular design may be evaluated by means of a comparison. The level of safety provided by alternative fire safety strategies can be compared with that achieved by the well-established codes. This approach involves deterministic and/or probabilistic techniques and requires less extensive analysis than a full study. The objective of a comparative study is to demonstrate that the building, as designed, presents no greater risk to the occupants than a similar type of building designed in accordance with a well-established code. Most existing codes and guides allow elements of trade-of f and/or alternative measures. Examples can be found for fire resistance, compartment sizes and building separation In a comparative study these examples may be applicable without the need for detailed analysis. The evacuation strategy for the proposed buildings will involve simultaneously evacuating all areas on activation of the fire alarm system. As part of the Management and Health and Safety procedures the management team shall have prepared and implement procedures for the safe evacuation of occupants from the building. Required Safe Egress Time and Available Safe Egress Time In performance based fire safety engineering approaches it is fundamental that the evaluation of the complex interactions between fire, occupants and buildings for means of escape considers the following: †¢ Required Safe Egress Time (RSET) time to detection warning time (alarm) response time (occupant pre-movement) travel time queuing †¢ Available Safe Egress Time (ASET) Time to untenable conditions governed by fire growth, smoke production and size of room. A simple diagrammatic representation of the relationship between ASET and RSET is shown in figure 5 Research on Evacuation Times Standard fire safety recommendations for means of escape relate to travel time, i.e. the time taken to travel to and through exits to a place of relative safety. However, it is widely acknowledged that the time taken for occupants to start to evacuate can be considerably longer than the time taken to actually move out of the building. Significant research has been carried out in recent decades on occupant behaviour during building evacuations. Fires and human behaviour by Canter in 1990 and Safety and the built environment by Sime in 1988 were significant contributions. Through such research it is now widely acknowledged that occupants behaviour varies appreciably depending on a wide range of factors such as social affiliation, role and responsibility, commitment to a present task, the presence of a focal point, etc. BS7974-6 Human Factors: Life safety strategies occupant evacuation, behaviour and condition is the latest guidance available in relation to human behaviour in evacuatio ns. Recognition and Response Times How occupants respond to a fire will depend initially on the cue they receive. The components of occupants evacuation time are recognition time, response time and travel time. Both recognition and response times are known as pre-movement time. The former represents the time taken to appreciate that the alarm is a fire alarm relating to the occupant (as opposed to a security alarm, car alarm, etc). During this time occupants will continue with activities as they were prior to the activation of the alarm, e.g. staff members undertaking duties, etc. The latter represents the duration taken by occupants to begin to move towards an escape route, e.g. investigative behaviour, shutting down machinery, etc. In warehouse buildings occupants are generally familiar with their surroundings and are trained in fire emergency evacuation protocols. In the proposed storage facility and associated offices, occupants should be familiar with the sounding of the fire alarm and as such would commence evacuation reasonably promptly. Where a reasonable standard of fire safety management is provided and a high standard of automatic fire detection is provided, BS7974-6 recommends that familiar occupants of a building can be expected to take between 1mins and 2mins before they start to evacuate. By comparison, occupants of an unfamiliar building with a complex internal layout and a more basic standard of fire alarm system could take up to 15mins before commencing an evacuation. Recent research would indicate that even in unfamiliar buildings, occupants prompted by familiar staff can commence their evacuation within the first 30secs. Impact of Evacuation Management To comply with ADB and other fire safety legislation a reasonable standard of management will need to be provided in the building. This will include regular fire drills and the appointment of fire wardens for various areas to encourage an efficient evacuation of the building in the event of a fire. Such protocol should assist in limiting the recognition and response times of occupants. However, the proposed strategic approach to fire safety adopted in this fire strategy will not place any greater onus on management of this building than would be considered reasonable for any other storage facility of this size. An extract of Table C.1 from BS7974-6 is partially replicated in Figure 6. This demonstrates the potential variation in pre-movement times of evacuees which is dependent upon on the level of management and fire alarm provision. The management of this building will adopt a proactive fire safety management approach to comply with standard fire safety regulations for the workplac e. Figure A1-A2: Automatic fire detection and alarm throughout the building A3: Automatic fire detection and alarm only in certain areas, or manual call points only throughout Components of Available Safe Egress Time The Available Safe Egress Time is the time from ignition until conditions on occupants escape routes become untenable. The time taken for hazardous conditions to occur on the escape route will depend on three governing factors: †¢ the growth rate of the fire (and rate of smoke production) †¢ time to sprinkler activation and containment of fire size †¢ the compartment size/smoke reservoir Determination of Design Occupancy in the Warehouse Compartment To assess the likely required capacity of escape routes in speculative buildings, floor space factors are commonly used. When a designated bespoke occupancy is not known there are varying recommended floor space factors in current guidance documents that can be used. The proposed works are not for a speculative end user and Sainsburys have a good understanding of necessary staffing levels to carry out their logistics operations based on current arrangements and their other warehousing operations across the UK. Fire Growth Rate During the evacuation period the main hazard to occupants is smoke. The amount of smoke produced is directly linked to fire size and fire growth rate. The most common method of determining fire growth rates for unsprinklered fires is through the use of t-squared fires. Figure 7 illustrates the heat release rates over time of the four common fire growth rates published by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). BS7974 acknowledges that storage warehouse commodities growing unchecked will generally follow an ultra-fast fire growth rate. This attracts a coefficient of g = 0.187kW/s2. Charters et al undertook a recent study to review the probabilistic aspect of fire growth in storage warehouses serving retail facilities. One of the main findings of the research was that fires in high-racked storage cash and carry warehouses were ultra-fast growing. This correlates with BS7974-1. An ultra-fast growth rate will be used for the comparative assessment of both the proposed and code c ompliant layouts. Figure Fire Size Sprinklers are installed in buildings to suppress fire size by the distribution of water so as to decrease the heat release rate and pre-wet adjacent combustibles while controlling gas temperatures to avoid structural damage. The proposed warehouse compartment will be fitted with a comprehensive in-rack sprinkler system to ensure fire size is kept to an absolute minimum. Figure 8 below from BS7974-1 demonstrates sprinkler control and extinguishment. Figure Given the enhancements to the property protection sprinkler, the proposed model will be based on a sprinkler controlled fire scenario. Although, there is significant potential that the provision of in-rack sprinklers will fully extinguish a fire, for the purposes of this comparative assessment, it will be considered that the fire size on sprinkler activation in the proposed building will be controlled as per (b) in Figure 7 rather than (d) i.e. the fire being extinguished. This provides an additional factor of safety for the analysis. There has been a number of real fire tests carried out on high rack storage arrangements by insurance companies. Tests carried out by Underwriters Laboratories Inc. concluded that fire size is unlikely to exceed 5MW where in-rack sprinklers have been provided. Smaller tests on single racks of clothing would indicate a typical peak heat release rate of 2.5MW for isolated arrangements. BRE 368 would also suggest a peak heat release rate of 2.5MW for sprinklered retail fires using fast response sprinkler heads. Travel Distances at Ground Floor Level The final exits from Ground Floor Level, independent of the Office Block, will be maintained as part of the proposed works. The existing exits are well distributed around the external faà §ade thus ensuring that occupants can turn their back on a fire and move towards an alternative exit. Existing travel distances to final exits will remain are unlikely to exceed 80m. Code Recommendations When minimum fire protection measures are provided (i.e. manual fire alarm, 2m floor to ceiling height, etc), ADB suggests maximum travel distances in warehouse accommodation of 25m in a single direction of travel and 45m where two means of escape are provided. The proposed building contains a number of inherent fire safety features such as high ceilings, automatic fire detection, sprinklers and an open plan environment. Such features assist in prolonging the onset of hazardous conditions and increase the chance of a person becoming aware of a fire in the early stages of its development independent of the alarm being raised by others. Therefore, the basic recommendations set out in ADB are considered to be unduly restrictive for the proposed building. A detailed assessment of allowable travel distances will be based on the recommendations of BS7974 and the results of this analysis will be presented in the detailed Fire Strategy Report (FSR). A detailed bespoke fire engineering analysis of allowable travel distances based on the recommendations of BS7974 and incorporating Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling will be carried out when layouts have been finalised. The results of this analysis will be presented in the detailed FSR in due course. For the purposes of this OFSR and preliminary design we have carried out a preliminary two zone model analysis to gain an understanding of the likely results to be obtained from the detailed CFD modelling. AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM Time to Detection and Alarm for the Proposed Arrangement It is proposed to provide a high standard of automatic fire detection and alarm system throughout the Warehousing compartment. The standard of detection and alarm in the building will affect the general time to warning for occupants and provide an enhanced level of fire safety through early warning and shorter evacuation times. Activation of the sprinkler system will also lead to the fire alarm sounding throughout the building. To ensure a conservative estimation of fire alarm activation our analysis has been based on an anticipated sprinkler activation time of 123sec Time to Detection and Alarm for a Typical Code Compliant Arrangement Many code compliant warehouse facilities with code compliant travel distances only require manual fire detection to meet with code recommendations. Therefore the time to detection would depend on the time taken for occupants in the room of fire origin to raise the alarm. However, should the room of fire origin be unoccupied then the time to alarm for people who may be in rooms remote from the fire would depend on them or other occupants becoming aware of cues of the fire scenario, e.g. sounds of burning material, smell of smoke or seeing smoke through a vision panel. Although BS7974-6 recommends a time to detection of at least 15mins for such scenarios, a reasonable worst case for a typical code compliant open plan warehouse could be 3 5mins. Pre-Movement Times The elevated walkways will be accessed by a relatively small number of transient staff who should be familiar with their surroundings and location of their escape routes. In compliance with health and safety legislation, fire drills will be carried out on a regular basis. Therefore, staff should be familiar with the fire alarm signal and the evacuation procedure. Current fire research would suggest that occupant pre-movement times in a managed facility such as this Sainsburys Distribution Centre is between 30secs and 60secs after alarm. However, BS7974-6 Table C1 (see Figure 5) conservatively presents a 120secs occupant premovement time for this type of occupancy. In line with BS7974-6 recommendations the code compliant layout could be 900secs. However, the comparative analysis will consider a pre-movement time of 120secs for both layouts. This is an onerous consideration and as such adds a significant degree of conservatism to the analysis. Travel Times Extensive studies have been carried out on the travel speeds of people of various abilities. CIBSE Guide E Fire Engineering and BR459 Fire Safety Engineering A Reference Guide both state that a travel speed of 1.2m/s is considered reasonable for able bodied people in low occupant density areas. This is based primarily on work by Pauls and Fruin. Personnel who will be accessing the proposed elevated walkways will be doing so to maintain/ensure the smooth operation of the automated system and will need to be reasonably mobile/physically fit to carry out such operations. Therefore, a travel speed of 1.2m/s is considered reasonable for this assessment. As previously noted travel distances on elevated walkways of the Automated Hanging Garment Racking System could be up to 100m when racking layouts are finalised. Based on a 1.2m/s travel speed it could take these occupants 84secs to reach a storey exit. For a typical compliant layout with a 45m travel distance it would take 37.5secs to rea ch a storey exit. For the above RSET components, Table 2 below presents the corresponding trset Δ . The above analysis would indicate that occupants located on one of the elevated walkways could Conservatively take up to 327secs to evacuate from the upper walkway levels of the automated hanging garment racking system. The analysis also demonstrates the benefits of providing a good standard of automatic detection and an in-rack sprinkler system that is linked to the fire alarm system as such systems should ensure that the required safe egress time from the proposed building is kept to a minimum. As can be seen from Table 2 above such systems should also ensure evacuation times from the proposed building would be comparable with many typical code compliant arrangements, if not better. To meet with code recommendations a Type M manual fire alarm system would be necessary in a standard warehouse building. However, the provision of an automatic fire detection and alarm system is an integral part of the overall fire safety package from a fire engineering perspective. The current fire alarm system will be extended to ensure the earliest possible detection of fire in the vicinity of the Automated Hanging Garment System areas. The system will provide high standard smoke detection coverage above and to the underside of elevated levels of the Automated Hanging Garment System level. The sprinkler system will also be linked to the fire alarm system so that in the event of a sprinkler head activating the alarm will sound throughout the building thus ensuring the earliest possible alert of the need to commence evacuation. The additional provision of smoke detection and linking the sprinkler system to the fire alarm is considered a significant additional life safety benefit whi ch should substantially reduce the time to alarm and pre-movement time of occupants in the building. The Type L5 fire alarm system will be designed in compliance with BS5839-1. Office Block Compartment No changes are proposed for the Office Block Compartment. Means of escape from the Warehouse Compartment is independent of the Office Block. Therefore, no further analysis of this area is necessary as part of the proposed works. EVACUATION PROCEDURES Comprehensive fire safety management procedures should be developed in consultation with the Enforcing Authorities. A detailed Fire Safety Management Plan should be developed for the management of the proposed scheme to ensure the safety of all occupants is not comprised. This section only serves as a brief introduction to the evacuation procedures which will need to be written into the Fire Safety Management Plan. Further guidance can be found in BS5588-12 Managing fire safety.

Essays --

OPlaisime After World War II there was a strong anti-communist movement in America for decades prior to the 1950s. Nuclear weapons also sent a shot of distrust and fear between America and Russia. Information about nuclear weapons was very limited to the public. There are some facts, details, and reasons on why did this war happen, effects of the Cold War, and how society reacted to the War. It began in the 1945-1948 timeframe and ended in 1989, having been a dispute over the division of Europe. By another account, the Cold War began in 1917 with the Bolshevik Revolution, and ended in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union, having been a conflict between Bolshevism and Democracy. The Cold war got its name because both sides were afraid of fighting each other in such a â€Å"hot war†, nuclear weapons might destroy everything. So, instead they fought each other indirectly. They played havoc with conflicts in different parts of the world. They used words as weapons. They threatened and denounced each other, or the two countries tried to make each other look foolish. There facts and reasons on why the Cold War happened. The Cold War had two sides. Those two sides were capitalism and communism. Capitalism is that business is owned by private people or firms. It was a free economy that allowed any profit he or she makes is reward for hard work. It also allows that any person should be free to start a business and employ people. Communism is another form of economy. Everything is run by the state and should be run by the government on behalf of the people. No private person is allowed to profit from the work from other citizens. Communism is a controlled economy. All profits don’t go into the pocket of one owner; the pr... ...pons. They both had a large supply of ballistic missiles. The NATO and Warsaw Pact were formed. This war inevitably led to destructive conflicts like the Vietnam War and Korean War. The Soviet Union had collapsed due to its economic weakness. The Berlin was destroyed and the two German nations were unified. The Baltic States and some former Soviet Republics had gained independence. America became the sole superpower of the world. Communism was no more. Communism collapsed worldwide. The Cold War sketched the foreign policies for both the countries through the second half of the twentieth century as both countries fought for accomplices to uphold and widen their own realms of power around the world, but it did not escalate to an apocalyptic World War II. The decade- long standoff between American capitalists and Soviet communists ceased without causing any violence.

Old Age Homes in India Essay

Ans- Old Age Home refers to a multi-residence nursing home for old people, which is also known as retirement home. Each couple or person lives here in a room which is either apartment style or is a set of matching of rooms. Under one roof or in a one building old people are served with different facilities like gatherings, meals, health or sanatorium care, and recreation activities. Levels of these facilities differ from each other. At present 728 Old homes exist in India. Complete information of 547 Old Age Homes is accessible. Among these 325 Old homes do not charge and 95 homes charge money, 116 Old homes include both without charge as well as stay & pay facilities and the information of 11homes is not available. There are 278 homes available for ailing people and 101 Old homes especially for women all around the country. Kerala has the highest number of Old homes in India among all states which is 124. Read more:  Reasons Increasing Number Old Age Homes Society Q2- What are the disadvantages of Old Age Homes? Ans- Disadvantages of Old Age Homes are People generally staying here are very sad. It is but natural for them to be so as they leave their well-known homes for stranger place that lacks in all memories. It is natural for them to fear nursing homes as it is known to be prior step to death. Seeing that they will not be able to get back to their homes, it can be deemed true. Main problem that one faces here is loneliness. Few residents here get visits from families after long time and these are very few in nature. Independence becomes a thing of past when one enters these homes. Many see it as the end of their lives. With independence all gone, they even bid goodbye to their self-esteem. All they live their lives in is scheduled activity. Missing element here is freedom. What is given to them for meals is final. They do not have any say in it. Other freedoms that they lose are: Cooking for friends and family Only with nurses help one can shower that too on their schedule Here service of laundry is provided only with rest of resident’s laundry After getting permission only can watch TV They do not even have independence to go for worship at place of their  option. They instead have to go to retirement home’s service. They are not even allowed to have personal doctors. All they get is one’s at home. Anger at putting them in these homes directed at their children is a natural thing for these residents. Family is bound to get various heartaches from these. Q3- What are the advantages of Old Age Homes? Ans- Advantages of Old Age Homes are Senior citizens that are destitute or are unable in settling with their respective families can easily stay in homes meant for old age people. These homes provide senior citizens with medical facilities like ambulances, well-balanced meals provision, ambulances as well as systems of health care. Thus, these homes provide them with healthy life. Main benefits of these homes are their staff’s good behavior, palatable and wholesome food as well as good services. Senior citizens are also provided with yoga classes in these homes along with medical amenities, shelter and food. For mode of communication they are given telephones that give them access to their families. Other facilities rendered to them are library and entertainment facilities. These play roles of safe haven for senior citizens who have nobody to take care of them or who have not got a place to stay. Residents here get an ambience of complete family. They are given unique sense of friendship as well as security here. It becomes a place for them to share their sorrows as well as joys. With all their free time, senior citizens in these homes can utilize it in something creative. Here in these homes, no body imposes its residents with sense of duties or responsibilities. Nobody hands them out any work to live out a livelihood. In that peaceful atmosphere, residents can pursue their hobbies in full flow. With no expectations, residents do not spend too much money here. Full freedom to participate in one’s religious activities is given here. Life of senior citizens is slow as well as peaceful here. â€Å"Old age home† gives a healthy as well as peaceful life to its citizens. Companionships, solace as well as comfort are given to senior citizens. Al l age-mates get freedom here to give a chance to their favorite hobbies without any restraints. Q4- What are the types of Old Age Homes? Ans- There are mainly two types of Homes for Old Age people available in  India. One is a no charge one or â€Å"Free† type which is mainly for impoverished old persons who have nobody to look after them. They are served with food, clothing, shelter and medical care there. Another type of Old Age Home is based on payment which is known as â€Å"Paid† home. There all facilities are provided if paid for. Now these kinds of â€Å"Retirement† homes have become popular all around India and they are well in view of significance. Q5- What is the relevance of Old Age Homes? Ans- Many factors are accountable for the separation of old persons. Many young couples are relocating themselves for better employment from villages to cities in order to have a better future. Many elders are also reluctant to provide the duty of household, which they are controlling for an elongated time, to children. Youngsters are sometimes indignant in behavioral attitude to their parents. Youngsters have migrated to different places distant from their inhabitant places and also to numerous countries abroad. So they are unable to provide accommodation to their parents in their own houses even if they desire. Elders sometimes are too debilitated or ill to take care of themselves or get medicinal help in any urgent situation. For all these reasons the homes for elders increasingly seem more appropriate in Indian circumstances.

Comparing Sonny’s Blues to the Cathedral

1. Is Patrick lonely? In my opinion, I feel as though the boy is lonely, living in such a remote and desolate place, with only his father to spend his time with. For example Ondaatje says, â€Å"He was born into a region which did not appear on a map until 1910, though his family had worked there for twenty hears and the land had been homesteaded since 1816. In the school atlas the place is pale green and nameless. The river slips out of an unnamed lake†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (10-11).Patrick’s characteristics makes him seem sad or withdrawn from society, for he spends his time gazing out the window searching for bugs. Ondaatje exclaims, â€Å"He walks back into the bright kitchen and moves from window to window to search out the moths pinioned against the screens, clinging to the brightness†¦ Bugs, plant hoppers, grasshoppers, rust-dark moths†¦throughout the summer he records their visits and sketches the repeaters â€Å" (9). I feel bad for Patrick, that his only companio ns are the bugs flying around his house, in search for light.Although Patrick does have his father, his dad doesn’t pay him any attention, unless they are working together. Ondaatje says, â€Å"Hazen Lewis was an abashed man, withdrawn from the world around him, uninterested in the habits of civilization outside his own focus. He would step up to his horse and assume it, as if it were a train, as if flesh and blood did not exist† (15). It would be rough to grow up in that kind of unloving environment. It would be difficult to feel you had to earn your love.For Patrick’s father, only praises him when they are successful at work. For example, Ondaatje says, â€Å"They begin to run back home, looking behind them to see if the cow is following. The boy gasps, ‘If she goes into the ice again I’m not doing a thing’ ‘Neither am I’ yells his father, laughing† (16). The only part in the story when the boys Father demonstrates warmt h and kindness towards his son, is when they save the cow from drowning. The fathers introverted attitude, makes me question how he became so incredibly withdrawn from society.It makes me wonder what happened to his wife. Did she die? Is that the reason why he chooses to act so distant from his son? Does he remind him of her? Patrick’s absent mother also makes me question if that is the reason why Patrick is so quite and reclusive, like his father. With Patrick’s mother missing from his life and Patrick’s father uncommunicative, it causes him to live a very lonely, unhappy, and solitary life. 3. Patrick’s unloving and solitary environment is the reason for his unhappiness.

Paper Report For The Chapters One And Two Of The Book Peoples History - 1

Paper Report For The Chapters One And Two Of The Book Peoples History - 1 Paper Report For The Chapters One And Two Of The Book People's History Of US: (1492 Peoples History of US: (1492 - Present) - Modern ic Identify the central thesis of chapterone and two of Zinn: Chapter one is an account of the discovery of Christopher Columbus of America specifically the area that was occupied by the Arawak people (who are Indians that lived in South America). The main theme is that of morality because it provides an in-depth analysis of how Christopher Columbus mistreated and mishandled the Arawak in order to find the gold, which he believes is present in that land but which turns out to be almost non-existent (Zinn 10). Despite not finding the gold from the places they dig, he still forces them to continue digging and many even die but he seemed to care less. There is also mention of other morality issues about other conquerors and their conquests. The second chapter is about how slaves were brought into America from Africa and their relentless work in the fields of their owners. Just like the first chapter, the slaves who are black people are di scussed extensively of how they were overworking in the plantations without any mercy from their owners (Pickett and Pickett 17). Morality issue is discussed in detail by the author providing examples of how it was non-existent from the owners towards their slaves forgetting that they were also people just the way Columbus forgot the Arawak he overworked were people as well (Pickett and Pickett 36).Discuss why the author chose the title of the chapter:The first chapter â€Å"Columbus, the Indians, and Human Progress† is mainly about the escapades of Columbus and the Arawak and also other people in history who conquered other lands. The second chapter â€Å"Drawing the Color Line† is basically about slaves: how they were brought and how they were overworked by their owners. Petre-Grenouilleau, Olivier. From Slave Trade to Empire: Europe and the Colonization of Black Africa, 1780s-1880s. New Jersey: Routledge, 2004. Print.Pickett, Margaret and Dwayne, Pickett. The Europ ean Struggle to Settle North America: Colonizing Attempts by England, France and Spain, 1521-1608. California: McFarland, 2011. Print.Zinn, Howard. A Peoples History of the United States: 1492 to Present. New York: HarperCollins, 2010. Print.

Describe Yourself Essay Whats It All About

Describe Yourself Essay Whats It All About Whether youre applying to a community college, a four-year college or university, or graduate school, you may be asked to write an essay describing yourself. A Describe yourself essay may also be required for applications to extracurricular programs, special experiences, and certain types of employment. So, where do you begin when describing yourself in writing? Do you talk about your weaknesses, or just your strengths? Make Preliminary Notes Before you begin writing the essay properly, take some time to jot down a few thoughts. You dont have to include everything you write down here in your final draft; this is merely a brainstorming exercise that will give you some material to work with. First, make a list of your strengths and weaknesses. These can be physical, mental, emotional, or spiritual qualities. While youre at it, add any special talents or hobbies. If you have any personal heroes, list those names, whether theyre celebrated figures or not. Next, write down any significant experiences youve had, such as witnessing the death of a pet or family member, winning an award, traveling, or becoming sick or injured. Add dates to refresh yourself, in case you plan to write a chronological account. Finally, list some adjectives that you think other people might use to describe you, as well as words youd use to describe yourself. Pick a Format Some institutions will give you details on how to compose your essay. In the absence of such instructions, its always safe to go with a standard five-paragraph essay. This consists of an opening paragraph, three solid paragraphs, and a conclusion. Dont Be Too Negative While its fine to mention rough times or personal weaknesses, some things are better left unsaid. A run-in with the law or a battle with a serious mental illness is generally not the kinds of things you want to talk about in your essay. Always try to use negative characteristics or events to highlight your good points. For example, if one of your parents abandoned your family and you had to become a caretaker to your younger siblings, you can talk about how that experience made you more mature, responsible, and compassionate. But focus more on the outcome than the bad experience. The more skilled you are as a writer, the better youll do at turning negatives into positives. Open Strong Whether or not you have the option to give your composition a title, youll want your first sentence to reel the reader in. You could mention something that other people say about you, refer to a favorite quote, or make a joke that shows your personality. Write a Thesis Statement A thesis statement, which also belongs in your introduction, is different from a hook or a headline. The thesis is your overall description of what youre writing about. Here are some examples: __________ was the most significant experience of my life. The three values that best define me are __________, __________, and __________. My lifelong dream has been to __________. If theres one thing I regret, its __________. If I can accomplish these three things before I die, I will have lived a good life: Compose Three Distinct Paragraphs There are several ways you can arrange your essay. You might write one paragraph about each of your most important values, memories, or goals. Or you could devote one paragraph to describing yourself physically, one to describing yourself psychologically, and one to describing yourself socially. Again, the construction of the essay may be part of the assignment, so be sure to follow any instructions you receive. Close Memorably In your closing paragraph, sum up the basic point or points you want the reader to remember about you. What did you strive to say in the body of the paper? Recap it here by saying something like, Whatever happens, I know I will have my __________, __________, and __________ to guide me. Finally, remember that this is not a research paper or book report. Keep the tone casual, and make sure it sounds like the real you. If youre naturally a serious intellectual, thats fine. But if youre a clown, it wont serve you well to write a stuffy-sounding paper.